\u3ci\u3ePhorodon cannabis\u3c/i\u3e Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp

Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini) is reported for the first time as a pest of Cannabis L. crops in North America. The insect has been confirmed from fields of industrial hemp in Colorado and Virginia and has been found present within greenhouses in at least several American states and one Canadian province. The generic position of the aphid species is discussed and other known members of the genus are ruled out. Phorodon cannabis is placed in genus Phorodon Passerini and subgenus (Diphorodon Börner). Phorodon persifoliae Shinji is transferred to Hyalopterus Koch as a nomen dubium

Identification of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) intercepted on aquarium plants in Florida and elucidation of a potential pathway for exotic aquatic and semiaquatic pests

Recent shipments of aquarium plants to pet stores in five Florida counties were found to be infested with an exotic delphacid planthopper. Rearing adult males allowed identification by morphological analysis. Molecular analysis confirmed that it was the same as authoritatively identified reference specimens of the planthopper, Opiconsiva anacharsis (Fennah) (new combination) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), first reported from Florida in 1989 and known to be established only in Broward County. The host plants, Echinodorus spp. Rich. ex Engelm. (Alismatales: Alismataceae), originally from Thailand, were sold in enclosed plastic cylinders that provided a suitable environment for maintaining the planthoppers. Attempts to trace the shipment histories to these stores suggested a circuitous multi-state pathway leading to a Broward County, Florida, business that receives aquatic plants from Southeast Asia. While the infestation of these plants may have occurred in Florida, trade in semiemergent aquatic plants is shown to be a potential pathway for introduction for insect pests

Three-body monopole corrections to the realistic interactions

It is shown that a very simple three-body monopole term can solve practically all the spectroscopic problems--in the $p$, $sd$ and $pf$ shells--that were hitherto assumed to need drastic revisions of the realistic potentials.Comment: 4 pages, 5figure

Influence of Biosurfactant on aerobic biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons

Biyolojik olarak parçalanması oldukça güç olan poliaromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) gibi toksik ve kirletici maddeler birçok endüstri kuruluşlarının atıksuları ile doğaya bırakılmaktadır. Petrokimya endüstrisi bu endüstri kuruluşları içerisinde büyük ve önemli bir yere sahiptir. PAH'lar ham petrolün işlenmesi sırasında ortaya çıkan, toksik, mutajenik ve karsinojenik bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışma, EPA tarafından petrokimya endüstrilerinde öncelikli olarak belirtilen 15 adet PAH üzerine odaklanmıştır. Laboratuvar koşullarında Sürekli Tam Karışımlı Aerobik Tank Reaktör'de (SKTR) beslemesi için atıksu İzmir'deki bir petrokimya endüstrisi atıksu arıtma tesisinin havalandırma ünitesi girişinden alınmıştır. 20 günlük çamur yaşında ve 5 günlük hidrolik bekleme sürelerinde toplam 15 PAH'ın sistem içerisinde giderim verimleri incelenmiştir. Kontrol reaktöründe (biyosürfaktansız) 15 adet PAH içerisinden üç benzen halkalılar %35–60 arıtma verimi ile giderilirken yüksek benzen halkalı PAH'ların giderimi %25–50 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yüksek benzen halkalı PAH'lar biyolojik olarak çok düşük verimlerle giderilen PAH'ların sürekli karıştırmalı aerobik tank reaktör sisteminde rhamnolipid biyosürfaktanı (15–30–50–150 mg/L) aerobik biyolojik giderim verimine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Optimum biyosürfaktan dozu 15 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu dozda 15 mg/L rhamnolipid içeren Sürekli Karışımlı Tank Reaktörde (SKTR)'de petrokimya endüstrisi atıksularının aerobik arıtılabilirliği ile yapılan çalışmada 30 günlük işletme süresi sonunda maksimum KOİ giderme verimi %78 olmuştur. Kalıcı, zor ayrışabilen PAH'lardan 2 ve 3 benzen halkalı yapılar; %68–94, moleküler ağırlıkları daha büyük olan 4, 5 ve 6 benzen halkalı yapılar %50–74 artma verimi ile giderilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Aerobik, aktif çamur sistemi, biyosürfaktan, petrokimya, poliaromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH).Some toxic pollutants such as PAHs which are persistent are releasing to the environment with industrial wastewater flows. These organics are degraded with difficulty and accumulated in the environmental ecosystem. They are toxic and carcinogenic to the humans and to the viable microorganisms resulting in significant irreversible hazardous effects. Petrochemical industry wastewaters are the most important source of the persistent PAHs which are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic substances. PAHs are producing during petroleum production. In this study, the aerobic treatability of 15 PAHs was studied since they are named as priority pollutants by EPA. In the laboratory studies, an aerobic stirred reactor was used for the biodegradation of PAHs in the wastewater taken from the influent of aerobic activated tank of the petrochemical industry wastewater treatment plant in Izmir. The removal efficiencies of acenaphthene (ACT), fluorene (FLN), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), carbazole (CRB), fluoranthene (FL), pyrene (PY), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benz[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DahA), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) were determined in wastewater. The removal efficiencies of 15 PAHs was investigated in the surfactant added aerobic completely stirred tank reactor and in the control reactor without biosurfactant at a sludge retention time of 20 days and at a hydraulic retention time of 5 days in the reactor systems. The COD removal efficiencies in control, in 15 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 150 mg/L rhamnolipid containing reactors were 70-77%, 74-79%, 70-78%, 66-72% and 56-65%. The PAHs with 3 benzene rings was degraded with a removal efficiency of 35-60% while the PAHs with 5 benzene ring were removed with a removal efficiency of 25-50% in control reactor. It was observed that the degradation of PAHs with high molecular weights are very difficult. The effect of increasing biosurfactant (15-30-50-150 mg/L) concentrations on the removal of PAHs was investigated in PAHs with high and low benzene rings. For maximum PAH removal the optimum biosurfactant dose was 15 mg/L. In this dose, the PAHs with 3 benzene ring was removed with a removal efficiency of 68-94%, while the PAHs with 4-5 benzene ring was removed between 50% and 70% under biologic degradation conditions. In 15 mg/L rhamnolipid containing reactor the dissolved COD removal efficiency is high compared to the control reactor. It was found that the increasing of rhamnolipid concentrations did not affect positively the soluble COD removal efficiency while to the highest soluble COD removal efficiency was reached at a rhamnolipid concentration of 15 mg/L. Low dissolved COD removal efficiencies in reactors containing 50 and 150 mg/L rhamnolipid administered reactors compared to control could be attributed to the presence of a possible toxicity for the aforementioned rhamnolipid doses. Since the maximum dissolved COD removal efficiencies was obtained at a rhamnolipid dose of 15 mg/L, this level of a surfactant was obtained as the optimum rhamnolipid dose for a raw Petrochemical Industry wastewaters. The main dissolved COD removal way with simultaneous rhamnolipid uptake pathway and degradation of PAHs could be explained as follows: Since 15 mg/L rhamnolipid is readily biodegradable could be uptaken by the microorganisms to the cells and could be used as feed together with dissolved COD. In the declaration of Ministry of Environment and Forestry on dated 26/11/2005 and numbered 26005 in the Official news paper it was mentioned that "the hydrocarbons namely ANT ve BaP, BbF, BghiP, BkF, FLN, In123cdP ve NaP" are listed in the Regulation Water Pollution Control for Hazardous Compouds (76/464/AB) attachment while there is no a limitation to the receiving water discharge Standard for the aforementioned PAHs. The PAHs namely BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, BghiP and In123cdP have potential cancer risks. The aforementioned PAHs were removed with treatment efficiencies of 65%, 73%, 65%, 63%, 67%, 70%, 60% and 50% in the aerobic completely stirred tank reactor containing 15 mg/L rhamnolipid dose. For this reason it should be added some discharge limitation to the Water and Wastewater Pollution Regulation for PAHs in the petrochemical, dye and chemical industries. Furthermore, the PAH concentrations in the effluent of the aerobic reactors should be assessed with toxicity tests. Keywords: Aerobic activated sludge system, biosurfactant, petrochemical, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Life table analysis of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) infesting sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) in São Paulo

An ecological life table for eggs and nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was constructed with data obtained from orange orchards (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) in 2 regions of the State of São Paulo, over 4 generations in the period from XI-2006 to V-2007, comprising spring, summer, and fall seasons. Young growing shoots with D. citri eggs present were identifed, and live individuals were counted until adult emergence. No predatory arthropods were observed in association with D. citri eggs and nymphs during the study. The mean parasitism of fourth- and ffth-instar nymphs by Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was 2.3%. The durations of the egg–adult period were similar among the 4 generations, ranging from 18.0 to 24.7 d (at mean temperatures ranging from 21.6 to 26.0 °C) and followed the temperature requirement models obtained in the laboratory for D. citri. However, survival from the egg to the adult stage for the same period varied considerably from 1.7 to 21.4%; the highest mortalities were observed in the egg and small nymphal (frst- to thirdinstar) stages, which were considered to be key phases for population growth of the pest.Uma tabela de vida ecológica foi construída para ovos e ninfas de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) com dados obtidos em pomares de laranja (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) em 2 regiões do estado de São Paulo, com 4 gerações, no período de novembro de 2006 a maio de 2007, compreendendo as estações de primavera, verão e outono. Ramos jovens em crescimento com a presença de ovos de D. citri foram identificados e os indivíduos vivos foram contados até a emergência dos adultos. Nenhum predador foi observado associado a ovos e ninfas de D. citri durante o estudo. A taxa média de parasitismo de ninfas de quarto e quinto ínstares por Tamarixia radiata Waterson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) foi de 2.3%. A duração do período de ovo a adulto foi semelhante entre as quatro gerações, variando de 18.0 a 24.7 dias (com temperaturas médias de 21.6 a 26.0 °C) e seguiram os modelos de exigencias térmicas obtidas em laboratório para D. citri. Todavia, a sobrevivencia de ovo até o estágio adulto variou consideravelmente para o mesmo período, de 1.7 a 21.4%, sendo que as maiores mortalidades foram observadas nos estágios de ovos e ninfas pequenas (de primeiro a terceiro ínstares), as quais foram consideradas fases chaves para o crescimento populacional desta praga.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

\u3ci\u3eMyzus fataunae\u3c/i\u3e Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphididae), \u3ci\u3ePilea\u3c/i\u3e aphid, new to North America

Minute aphids belonging to the species Myzus fataunae Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were found at a nursery in Seminole County, Florida. Morphological and molecular data support this determination. The Florida population only colonized species of Pilea Lindl. in our host range experiments. It did not colonize Fatoua villosa. Nakai. Likewise, it did not colonize tested common Florida species of Urticaceae other than Pilea spp. Myzus fataunae is adventive, and it appears to be established in the United States